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HSK 6 Connectors & compound sentences

既然 … 那(么) … / 既 … 何必 …

Since… then… / since… why bother (既然…那么/既…何必)

Structure 既然 + premise,那(么) + conclusion (rhetorical variant: 既 + premise,何必 + …)

既然 (jìrán) takes an already-accepted fact and draws a conclusion from it: «since (it's already so)…». Compared with 既然…就… (HSK 4, id hsk4-jiran-jiu), here the closing is 那(么) (more discursive and emphatic) or the formal rhetorical variant 既…何必/何须… The 既…何必… form contracts to 既 (no 然) and closes with a rhetorical question that negates: «if it's already decided, why keep hesitating?» — meaning there's no need. This variant packs reasoning and mild reproach into one clause, typical of essays and educated speech.

Examples

  • 既jì然rán大dà家jiā都dōu同tóng意yì,那nà么me就jiù这zhè么me定dìng了le。

    Since everyone agrees, then it's settled this way.

  • 既jì已yǐ决jué定dìng,何hé必bì再zài犹yóu豫yù。

    Since it's already decided, why hesitate any further?

  • 既jì然rán事shì已yǐ至zhì此cǐ,那nà就jiù坦tǎn然rán面miàn对duì吧ba。

    Since things have come to this, let's face them calmly.

  • 既jì知zhī其qí不bù可kě为wéi,何hé须xū勉miǎn强qiǎng而ér为wéi之zhī。

    If one already knows it cannot be done, why force oneself to do it?

Levels are indicative: they follow the standard Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning) progression, not an official HSK 3.0 mapping. We never assign levels by eye.

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